North Korean leader Kim Jong Un inaugurates the “Defence Development Exhibition ‘Self-Defence-2021′”

Wednesday, October 13, 2021

As reported by Rodong Sinmun, the newspaper of North Korea’s ruling Workers’ Party of Korea, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un inaugurated a new weapons exhibition in Northern Pyongyang, on the occasion of the ruling Party’s 76th founding anniversary. This exhibition is located in the Three-Revolutions Exhibition House, a museum built under the command of former leader Kim Jong Il.

A ceremony took place outside the exhibition house for the arrival of Kim Jong Un. The leader was greeted by cries of “Manse!” (Long Live, or Hurrah!) from the crowd, which were mainly military officers, party officials and “merited officials, scientists and technicians in the national defence industrial field.” Present at the ceremony were high-ranking party officials Choe Ryong Hae, Jo Yong Won and Hyon Song Wol. North Korean premier Kim Tok Hun was also present, alongside Marshal Pak Jong Chon. Kim Jong Un’s sister Kim Yo Jong could also be spotted in the crowd of officers.

The military band of the Korean People’s Army (KPA) and members of the Orchestra of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK proceeded with a short musical display, playing songs about the Workers’ Party. After the musical show, servicepersons of the KPA proceeded with a martial arts display, with some featured acts consisting of breaking bricks and tiles with bare fists, bending steel bars with the sternum and jumping over cars. A squadron of fighter pilots flew over the exhibition grounds, with coloured smoke being released from the jets to display the colours of the North Korean flag.

The ceremony was followed by a speech from Kim Jong Un inside the exhibition. In his speech, Kim said that “the US tacit sponsorship continue to damage the inter-Korean feelings and emotions” and that “South Korea has been unhesitant on several occasions in disclosing its ambition for securing military supremacy over us under the preposterous excuse of deterring threat from us”.

Kim Jong Un also called for the North Korean nation to be “powerful also for our coming generations”, citing this objective as the nation’s “first and foremost task”. He followed by calling upon the people to devote themselves to the defence abilities of the country.

After his speech, Kim Jong Un awarded servicepersons and other people with high decorations, including the Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il Orders, the Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il Prizes, the title of Labour Hero, the Order of the National Flag and watches signed with the named of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il.

Kim Jong Un then toured the exhibition, where countless missiles were displayed, including editions 14, 15 and 16 of the Hwasong ICBM series.

After touring the exhibition, Kim Jong Un met the fighter jet pilots who flew over the exhibition and left in a limousine.

[edit]

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Breast Augmentation Its Not About Vanity}

Breast Augmentation Its Not about Vanity

by

Mark Larson

This year some 364,000 women will voluntarily lie on a Plastic Surgeons table in order to undergo Breast Augmentation Surgery. Their reasons for doing so may seem obvious, but in truth, there might well be 364,000 distinct arguments as to why theyve opted to have the Breast Augmentation procedure done. For one woman its because she has never been satisfied with the size of her breasts. For another, its because her clothes have never fit her well. For yet another, one breast is clearly larger than the other and she is self-conscious about them.

Whatever their motivation, Breast Augmentation surgery has become one of the fastest growing and most popular procedures in the world of Plastic Surgery.

It would be easy to dismiss Breast Augmentation Surgery as vanity. After all, in todays beauty-obsessed world, youth, perfection and Plastic Surgery seem to go hand-in-hand. Younger and younger women are opting to change their bodies through Plastic Surgery. But to blame vanity would be over-simplifying things. The vast majority of women who go in for Breast Augmentation Surgery are not going to be walking any red carpets. Most patients find their way to a Plastic Surgeons office after years of feeling unhappy about that their breasts. Many, if not most, feel incomplete about their looks, as though the reality of their shape does not match the inner them. When this kind of disconnect happens between our emotional selves and our physical selves, Breast Augmentation Surgery can be the bridge that ties the two halves of us together.

Breast issues are tied inherently to a womans sense of femininity. After all, a womans breasts are not mere decoration. They serve a purpose. They feed our babies, and are admittedly useful when it comes to attracting the opposite sex. When a woman feels lacking in breast size or shape, or she finds herself avoiding mirrors; she often feels a lack of confidence about her femininity. Deciding to undergo Breast Augmentation Surgery is an extremely personal decision. Any Plastic Surgeon worth his or her salt will warn patients about both unrealistic expectations and about doing Breast Augmentation for someone besides themselves. In the end, you are the one going through surgery. You are the one taking risks. It must be for you that you do it.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CbIblOHe2g[/youtube]

Lets assume youve decided that Breast Augmentation is for you. There are a few things you should consider:

First, do your homework. Who will your Plastic Surgeon be? An experienced, board certified Plastic Surgeon with plenty of Breast Augmentation operations under his belt and great recommendations is the first order of business. Breast Augmentation surgery is not the place to choose the cheapest deal in town. This is serious surgery with possible complications. You want only the best working on you.

Second, what type of Breast Augmentation implant do you want? There are several choices. Saline implants are less controversial than silicone implants, which have been long suspected (but never proved) to have connection to autoimmune disorders. But despite the risks, silicone implants which are safe and approved by the FDA, beat the saline ones as the choice for Breast Augmentation almost 9 to 1. This is mostly because silicone tends to feel more natural and doesnt make any sloshing sounds. There is also a new kind of implant being tested in Breast Augmentation surgery called a cohesive gel implant, or The Gummy Bear implant. This implant is made of silicone but a solid type that feels like a Gummy Bear and doesnt leak if punctured.

The size and shape of your Breast Augmentation implants will be decided after a thorough conversation with your Plastic Surgeon, and you are clear with him exactly what you want to look like afterward. There are 20 different sizes of implants available, so you will definitely find one that suits you.

Third, if your breasts are sagging and need a lift, a Breast Augmentation surgery will not fix that. That may be a separate surgery or can be included when the Plastic Surgeon inserts the implants. Women who have lost weight, or finished nursing a child and have found their breasts have lost the shape they used to have should discuss with their doctor what the best Breast Augmentation procedure would be for them.

You and your doctor can discuss the three choices you have on where to place the incision to insert the implant during your Breast Augmentation surgery. A periarealor incision is made at the edge of the nipple or areola and is, perhaps the most common type of incision with no visible scarring while clothed. Likewise, an inframammory incision just under the fold of the breast is common and will not show a scar while clothed. A transaxillary incision, through the armpit will leave an imperceptible scar under the arm and the site cannot be used for subsequent surgeries like the others can. There are risks and scarring associated with all of these incisions and its important that you understand that up front. Your doctor can help you decide which one is right for you.

Perfection is not the goal of Breast Augmentation surgery. For most women, it is about feeling better about themselves. Ask to look at before and after pictures in your Plastic surgeons office to prepare yourself for whats coming. While it is a Plastic Surgeons job is to make the scars as unnoticeable as possible, there will be scars. Be realistic about your expectations. Your doctor will do his best to make your breasts look great. It will be up to you to begin feeling great about yourself again.

Mark Larson is a freelance writer with specialized knowledge of

Plastic Surgery

and

Cosmetic Surgery

. Contact Mark at

losangelesplasticsurgeon@gmail.com

for more information.

Article Source:

Breast Augmentation Its Not about Vanity}

City of Edinburgh Council seek to improve local music scene

Tuesday, November 18, 2014

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Yesterday evening saw the Usher Hall in Edinburgh host a meeting between representatives of the City of Edinburgh Council (CEC) and the local rock and pop music scene. The meeting was dominated with local musicians’ complaints over the “zero tolerance” policy Edinburgh is viewed as having adopted towards amplified music.The meeting began with the leading panel — Norma Austin Hart, vice-convener for Culture and Sport; John Stout, promoter from Regular Music; Kevin Buckle, of local store Avalanche Records; and Karl Chapman, manager of the Usher Hall — introducing themselves and outlining the purpose of the meeting. This being best-summarised as a desire to emulate the vibrant music scene of places as far-flung as Austin, Texas and Sydney, Australia.

Councillor Hart indicated officials from Austin had already offered to get involved in improving the live music scene in the city; although none were present from Austin, US-born local musician Pat Dennis provided his frank opinion on where Edinburgh fails to nurture the local music scene: that failure to support a grass-roots, small venue, music scene prevents the city being capable of organising events similar to Austin’s South by Southwest festival outwith August, when Edinburgh hosts the Festival and Fringe.

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Coming in for the lion’s share of criticism, staff from CEC’s Licensing Board were visibly uncomfortable when the topic of the “single complainant” was brought up time and time again. Unlike any other business within the city, or residential properties, noise pollution within premises permitted to sell alcohol is not managed by environmental health staff. That responsibility is bundled with the alcohol license, which leaves publicans fearful that their premises will be forced to close if they do not comply with demands to cease use of any amplification, or hosting live music. This was characterised as a ‘tyranny of the minority’, a most-undemocratic approach where one person — for example, recently moved into a property adjacent to a long-established premises hosting live music — could force the closure of a business which has hosted local talent for 30+ years.

Taking heed of the strength of feeling from the majority present, Councillor Hart made a number of personal commitments towards the end of the meeting. Those included setting up a working group, Music is Audible, to look at how the council could better work with venues, and to have a follow-up meeting in March next year.

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Where Is Andes?

Most of Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and parts of Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela, are in the Andes. The Andes are the second-highest range of mountains in the world. Only the Himalayas in Asia are higher. North America has a peak. Mount McKinley in Alaska, that is 20,300 feet high, but there are seventeen peaks in the Andes that are higher than that. The highest of them, Aconcagua, is about 23,000 feet high. (See the article on ACONCAGUA. ) The highest lake in the world, Lake Titicaca, is in the Peruvian Andes. The Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro and his men reached the Andes more than four hundred years ago. They found beautiful Indian cities but they destroyed most of them. Most of the people who live in the Andes today are a mixture of Indian and Spanish. They are farmers, miners, and herders of sheep and other animals. Most of them are very poor. Their farms are high in the mountains. You would find it difficult to breathe, so high in the Andes, because the higher you go the thinner the air becomes, but the natives are used to it. Their lungs will hold much more air than ours will. The Andes run through tropical country, but for the most part the climate in the mountains is cool or cold. The high peaks are always covered with snow. It is very difficult to cross the Andes from east to west. Only two rail-road lines cross the Andes, and parts of these lines run through long tunnels. Most of the people who cross the Andes must travel along narrow, winding footpaths. The travellers use narrow footbridges to cross deep ravines. Some of the bridges are nothing but saving spans of rope. The people either carry loads on their back or use pack animals. The Indians use the llama as a beast of burden. The llama is a member of the camel family. The mule also has become an important beast of burden in the Andes. The Andes vary in width from forty miles to more than four hundred miles. They rise almost straight up, in many places, from the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The eastern slopes of the Andes are not as steep as the western. Because the eastern slopes catch more rain, many great South American rivers, including the Amazon, begin there. There are still active volcanoes in the Andes. The best known is Cotopaxi which is more than nineteen thousand feet high. The Andes Mountains are rich in metals. There are great silver mines in Peru and Bolivia. Much copper and mercury is found in the mountains. Bolivia has some of the largest tin mines in the world. There are also gold mines in the Andes. There are many wonderful things to see in the Andes Mountains. First, there are the high, snow-covered peaks. Then there are lovely lakes and waterfalls. Some of the cities high in the Andes are among the most beautiful in the world. Some ancient Indian buildings still stand, and the ruins of others are very interesting. More than a thousand years ago, long before the white man came, the Indians living in the Andes had built great temples, aqueducts to carry water, paved roads, and other things.

Plant explosion in Apex, North Carolina

Friday, October 6, 2006

Up to 17,000 people are being evacuated in Apex, North Carolina after a chlorine gas leak occurred during a Hazardous Waste facility explosion and fire.

Residents are advised to keep windows closed, turn off all air conditioning and that tenderness of the mouth, gagging and nausea are typical signs of poisoning. They are advised to stay away from the fire and any smoke, as it could be a health hazard. CNN reports that air quality tests run by the NCDENR indicate nothing especially harmful in the air near the plant.

Area residents are being advised to call 919-856-7044 for general information as 911 lines are overloaded. Bruce Radford, manager of the town in suburban Raleigh, said that the business district, schools and the town hall will remain closed on Friday.

No fatalities have been reported. WRAL-TV reported that 90 residents of a nearby nursing care facility were moved to a local hospital as a precautionary measure. About 20 Apex residents were reported to have been treated and released for respiratory symptoms related to exposure.

Officials are presently unsure of the cause. The fire and subsequent explosions started sometime after 9 p.m. EST Thursday, October 5.

Changing weather conditions in the area threaten additional evacuations. A section of State Highway 55 has been shut down near the incident.

The company, Environmental Quality of Wayne, Michigan, had been warned and fined $32,000 by state regulators in March of 2006 for hazardous conditions at the plant, which temporarily stores hazardous materials including chlorine, pesticides, and PCBs.

WRAL-TV reports that Sulfur, Oxidizers, Chlorine, Pesticides and PCBs were stored in the facility.

Fire crews from Cary, Apex, Raleigh, Wake County and Fairview are assisting in the effort. However, there is no effort to fight the fire as it would be too dangerous to firefighting personnel. It will eventually burn itself out.

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Flight from Armenian capital Yerevan crashes near Sochi

Tuesday, May 2, 2006

An Armavia Airbus 320 passenger plane flying from Armenia‘s capital, Yerevan, to the city of Sochi in southern Russia has crashed into the Black Sea. The jet was found 6 km from the coast and carried a total of 113 people. Among the passengers were 8 crew and 6 children. Controllers lost contact with the plane at 0215 local time (Tuesday 2215 UTC).

Rescuers have found the corpses of a woman and a girl and another 12 body parts at the site of Wednesday’s crash of Armenia’s Airbus A-320 plane off Russia’s Black Sea coast, a spokesman for the Russian Prosecutor General’s Office told Interfax. Other reports say that at least 25 bodies have been found.

There were 77 Armenian citizens, 26 Russian citizens, 1 Ukrainian and 1 Georgian citizen on board of the Armenian air liner, Armenian Civil Aviation Department head Artyom Movsisian told on a news conference.

“Most of the Russian citizens are of Armenian origin,” Movsisian said.

“Rescue efforts are being hampered by deteriorating weather conditions, heavy rain and rough seas,” a spokesman for the Russian Emergency Situations Ministry said.

“The fragments were found six km (3.7 miles) from the shore near the airport of Adler. The search operation continues,” said Beltsov. The location of the crash site has been ascertained by a numerous fragments and life vests, and a large oil slick.

“The only thing [we] know is that when the crew asked for permission to land, the air controller in Sochi responded that bad weather meant this was not yet possible,” Gayane Davtyan, head of Armenia’s civilian aviation authority said. “Contact with the crew was lost at 600 meters, when the plane went to circle for a second time.”

The cause of the tragedy remains unclear, but the investigators are pursuing two main versions: bad weather conditions and poor maintenance.

The Russian Prosecutor General’s Office believes terrorism can be ruled out as a factor in the A-320 plane crash near the Russian Black Sea resort of Sochi on Wednesday morning.

“We don’t have any information that could indicate a possible terrorist attack on board the plane,” Russian Deputy Prosecutor General Nikolai Shepel told Interfax on Wednesday.

An official from the regional department of the Emergency Situations Ministry in southern Russia said “apparently there were malfunctions on board, as the pilots were making another attempt to land at the Adler airport.”

“The plane was in an ideal technical condition, the crew was well qualified,” said the airline’s deputy commercial director, Andrei Aghajanov. The cause of the crash is under investigation.

In the area where the plane crashed, more rain is expected in the next hours and the water temperature is currently between 8 to 10 degrees celsius.

The Russian and Armenian presidents have announced on Wednesday that Friday, May 5th, would be a day of mourning in remembrance of the 113 people that died in the crash.

The worst crash involving an two-engine A-320, which was first built in 1984 and remains the most popular Airbus on the market, occurred in August 2000, when a Gulf Air plane crashed off Bahrain on a flight from Cairo, killing all 143 people on board. The Airbus A320 is a short-to-medium range commercial passenger aircraft and a total of 328 people have been killed in earlier A320 accidents.

About 20 boats and a Be-200 amphibious aircraft are involved in the recovery operation, emergency services said, adding that two more Be-200s would fly to the scene if necessary. A group of rescuers from the Russian emergency ministry is expected to fly to the crash site in the next few hours.

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South Australia enters week-long lockdown to contain COVID-19 Delta variant spread

Friday, July 23, 2021

With five active cases of the Delta variant of COVID-19, South Australia begun a one-week lockdown on Monday. Announcing the lockdown, state Premier Steven Marshall declared “we have no alternative but to impose some fairly heavy and immediate restrictions”.

The first case out of South Australia’s active cases was presented to Modbury Hospital on Sunday night, having returned from Argentina earlier this month. The fifth, which Premier Marshall noted as “far more worrying”, visited The Greek on Halifax restaurant at the same time as someone who was later confirmed to be carrying the virus. Chief Public Health Officer for the state Nicola Spurrier said “if anyone has been at The Greek on Halifax they need to get into quarantine and get tested”.

In accordance with new regulations, there are only five reasons for South Australians to leave home: essential work, shopping for essential goods such as food, exercise, but only with people from the same household and within 2.5 kilometers (2 mi) of home, medical reasons (which includes testing and vaccination against the coronavirus, but excludes elective and cosmetic surgery), and caregiving.

Schools have closed for all but children of essential workers, with online learning having begun on Thursday. Face masks are also be mandated for those who leave home. ABC News reported that “support for businesses is expected to be announced…”, with all non-essential retail required to close under the new regulations.

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Key Figures In Electrolysis History}

Key Figures in Electrolysis History

by

Emily Limoges

Have you ever wondered more about electrolysis history? In today’s blog, we are going to discuss the prominent people throughout history that have played a role in what we today recognize as ‘electrolysis.’

For centuries, people have sought smooth, hairless skin. From the caveman era to ancient Egypt to the Roman Empire, everyday women in these societies used anything they could find to rid themselves of excess hair. Some of their tools included sea-shells, pumice stones, blades, flint razors and they even used walnut oil to prevent hair growth. These practices were often dangerous, ineffective, and uncertain.

By the time of the 1800’s, doctors began researching more about hair growth and ways to prevent it. They had discovered that hair began growing from a bulb near the root of the hair follicle. They figured that they could prevent future hair growth by damaging this base known as the ‘germinal papilla’.

Dr. Charles Michel

Finally in 1875, a permanent and safe form of hair removal was invented. It was Dr. Charles Michel, located in St. Louis, who created electrolysis, initially in order to treat ingrown hairs. He wrote a report on his work and the electrochemical decomposition of hair follicles that same year.

Dermatologist William Hardaway read Dr. Michel’s article and adopted the practice of electrolysis into his own work, with success. He then presented his findings to his colleagues at a meeting for the American Dermatological Association. By sharing information about this new technique, the concept of electrolysis gained widespread attention among medical communities. More and more doctors began treating patients with excess hair this way. Dr. Hardaway helped bring recognition to the invention of electrolysis on a national scale.

DJ Mahler

The next key figure is Dan Mahler, who grew his own expertise in electrolysis throughout the late 1800s. So much so, that he devised his own company for electrolysis machines. Known as ‘Instantron,’ his company is still making and selling electrolysis equipment today.

In 1916, the method of galvanic electrolysis was established by resident of New York, Paul N. Kree. His work helped evolve electrolysis from a strictly medical procedure into something for the mainstream public. His training and marketing efforts were a great success for several decades. Soon after, the technique of thermolysis was devised by Dr. Henri Bordier of France in 1925.

Arthur Hinkel and Henri St. Pierre requested a patent for blend electrolysis machinery in 1945. This was a major breakthrough in a new and powerful mode of electrolysis. Gordon Blackwell published the ‘Electrolysis Digest’ in 1956. His analysis and summaries were critical for electrologists all around the world for many years.

Thanks for taking some time to read more about the key figures in electrolysis history. From the earliest days of humanity up until the present time, the process of hair removal has come a long way. We are so appreciative of all the work that went into making what electrolysis is today. We want you, too, to recognize the benefits of electrolysis, first hand! To book a consultation or appointment, please book online today at LimogesBeauty. We look forward to hearing from you.

Emily Limoges is a graduate from Berkowits School of Electrolysis. She is an Electrologist by profession, in New York City and loves to share her knowledge on

electrolysis hair removal

. You may follow her for latest updates from beauty and health industry.

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eArticlesOnline.com}

Bus accident in Buffalo, New York leaves at least eight injured

Sunday, October 26, 2008

Buffalo, New York —An accident involving a city bus and a car at Sycamore and Monroe streets in the city of Buffalo, New York, United States, has injured at least 10 people, some seriously. The accident happened around 4:00 p.m. (EDT).

According to Buffalo Fire Department radio communications, at least two of the four people in the car will have to be removed by the ‘jaws of life’. Their condition is considered serious. The condition of the other two passengers is not known.

There are at least eight people on the bus. At about 4:15 p.m., a mobile triage was dispatched to the scene to determine how many of the passengers on the bus would need to be taken to local hospitals for treatment. At least six will be “packaged” and transported to Buffalo General Hospital.

By, 4:20 p.m., at least one of the trapped passengers was removed from the car. By 4:30, the second passenger had been removed. Both will also be treated at Buffalo General Hospital.

The bus is operated by the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority. The cause of the accident is under investigation.

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International Anti-Smoking Treaty to Take Effect Soon

18 December 2004

The global war on smoking passed a major milestone on 30 November 2004. On that date, Peru became the 40th country to ratify an international treaty to reduce smoking, thus triggering activation of the treaty in 90 days.

According to the World Health Organization‘s World Health Report 2003, tobacco consumption is the single leading preventable cause of death. It prematurely ends the lives of 5 million people a year, a figure which will double by 2020 if current trends are not reversed. Tobacco is the only legal product that causes the death of one half of its regular users, more than many illegal drugs. This means that of the current 1.3 billion smokers, 650 million people will die prematurely due to tobacco. Another way to look at the effect of smoking is to measure the average reduction in life expectancy among smokers. A study published in the British Medical Journal in June 2004 followed 34,439 male doctors since 1951 and showed that smokers died on average 10 years earlier than non-smokers.

Although the number of smokers has stabilized or fallen in developed areas, it is rising in developing or transitional regions, which contain more of the world’s population and already 84% of the world’s smokers. To fight this increasing health threat, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) was unanimously adopted by the 56th World Health Assembly in May 2003 following almost three years of negotiations. The treaty aims to reduce both the demand for and the supply of tobacco by setting standards on tobacco price and tax increases, tobacco advertising and sponsorship, labelling, illicit trade and second-hand smoke.

Studies show that increasing prices through taxes on tobacco products is the most cost-effective way to reduce smoking. The World Bank estimated that a 10% increase in tobacco prices would, on average, result in a reduction of 4% of the demand in high-income countries and 8% in lower-income countries. Thus the treaty suggests tobacco taxes or price controls, although it neither suggests specific levels nor requires any taxes or price controls.

The treaty requires all countries adopting it to ban, to the extent allowed by their constitutions, all tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship within five years. Health warnings must occupy at least half of the principal display areas of a pack, but they must not be less than 30%. These health warnings must be changed regularly and may include pictures. Cigarette packages must contain information on ingredients and emissions.

http://www.ideaexplore.net/news/041217/smoking2.jpg

An anti-smoking ad (source: CDC Media Campaign Resource Center). View more here.

The treaty aims to reduce smuggling by requiring adopting nations to mark all tobacco packages for tracing purposes and to indicate their country of destination, as well as to cooperate with each other in monitoring and controlling the movement of tobacco products and investigating their diversion. The treaty bans tobacco sales to and by minors.

The idea for an international instrument for tobacco control was initiated in May 1995 at the 48th World Health Assembly. But it wasn’t until 1999, a year after the then WHO Director-General, Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, made global tobacco control a priority, that work on the present treaty began. During the year after the FCTC was written, 167 countries signed and 23 countries ratified it, making it one of the most rapidly embraced UN treaties of all time. “The momentum growing around the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control seems unstoppable. It demonstrates the importance placed by the international community on saving many of the millions of lives now lost to tobacco,” said Dr Lee Jong-wook, WHO Director-General. “I look forward to more countries joining the 40 states that are making it possible for this Treaty to become law.”

Of the countries ratifying the treaty, the largest are (in order of decreasing population) India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Mexico, Thailand, France, and Burma. Nations that have signed but not yet ratified include China, USA, Brazil, Nigeria, Philippines, Viet Nam, Germany, and Egypt. The largest non-signers are Indonesia, Russia, Colombia, Tanzania, and Uzbekistan. The Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan went beyond the treaty requirements when on December 17 it became the first country in the world to completely ban the sale of tobacco.

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